Geodataset Name:       CORALP_2001
Geodataset Type:       SHAPEFILE
Geodataset Feature:    Polygon
Feature Count:         6389

DATA SOURCE(S):                    Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Services Center (CSC), Dade County
SCALE OF ORIGINAL SOURCE MAPS:     48000
DATE OF AUTOMATION OF SOURCE:      2001
GEODATASET EXTENT:                 State of Florida

FEATURE ATTRIBUTE TABLES:

Datafile Name: CORALP_2001.DBF

FEATURE ATTRIBUTE TABLES CODES AND VALUES:

Item	Item Description
OBJECTID	Internal feature number.
A_CODE	Alphabetical Code used to describe bottom type. FKNMS BENTHIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Descriptions of Benthic Habitats (Also used for Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay). See also Overview Description Below. CPA = Aggregated Patch Reefs CPH = Halo CPI = Individual Patch Reef CPIH = Individual Patch Reef and Halo
S_CLASS	Alphabetical code used to describe "Super" classes of bottom type. The values in this item differ from "DESCRIPTION" where coral reefs are grouped into one category. CR = Patch Reef or Platform Margin Reef
DESCRIPT	FGDL field based on DESCRIPTIO which was removed. Full description based on code from S_CLASS.
FGDLAQDATE	FGDL added field based on date received from source.
SHAPE	Feature geometry.
AUTOID	FGDL Unique ID
SHAPE.AREA	No description
SHAPE.LEN	No description

Overview Description: A_CODE I. Coral Reefs A. Patch Reefs Discrete coral communities, typically dome-shaped, usually outside of Hawk Channel, with a few inshore. Can be linear features where several or a series occurs. Mostly off Key Largo and Elliot Key (5,000) with a few off Big Pine, near Key West, and at the Dry Tortugas. Usually composed of hard corals Montastraea sp., Siderastrea sp., Diploria sp., and Colpophyllia sp.. Often surrounded by a whitish appearing halo. 1. Individual patch (CPI) Isolated, as small as visible on aerial, with or without a halo. 2. Aggregated patch reefs (CPA) More than one, usually too close together to map individually or where halos coalesce. 3. Halo (CPH) Barren, essentially unvegetated, variable, whitish zone around patch reef resulting from grazing activity of urchins and fishes. Rubble from weathering of patch reef may allow attachment sites for corals to expand the colony. Not always present or large enough to be mapped. 4. Individual Patch Reef and Halo (CPIH) Patch reef and halo combination too small to delineate. Separate delineations of reef and halo to be done by NOAA Photogrammetry. B. Platform Margin Reef Generally the "reef tract" or "barrier reef". Extends from northern boundary of FKNMS to west of the Marquesas Keys and also found at the Dry Tortugas. Diverse communities variable in morphology and species composition. Both high and low relief. Includes all coral/hardbottom features distinguishable from "patch reefs". 1. Spur and Groove a. Shallow (eg. Looe Key) (CPSS) Well developed systems on "fore-reef" at major bank reefs on reef tract, with vertical relief to about 4m. Actively growing upward and outward. Distinctive signature on aerial photography due to shallow water (0 - 10m) and high vertical relief. Linear length to approximately 1000m or more(?). b. Drowned (Transitional = older, drowned) (CPSD) Older, not actively growing (probably eroding) features often being buried by sand migration from shallower zone of reef tract. Nearly typical spur and groove signature in aerial photos, but sometimes with less resolution or definition. Usually low profile, about 0.5 - 1.5m. Visible to interpretable depth of photography (15m~). Often greater linear length than shallow spur and groove. 2. Remnant - Low profile (CPR) Coral/hardbottom features not exhibiting distinctive signature of spur and groove reefs. Usually parallel to line of reef tract but may form transverse features perpendicular to the reef tract. Relief from less than 0.5m - 1 or 2m. 3. Coral Patches in Bare Sand (CPB) Very sparse features that are similar in nature to patch reefs but are on the outer reef tract. These areas are dominantly sand or a veneer of sand over low relief rock. Scattered throughout are small patches ranging from a single gorgonian, sponge, or small coral head up to a low assemblage that may be a few meters to 10m across. These patches make up a low percentage of the total cover, yet are distinctive. Thus far this class is found mainly in the area from Big Pine Shoal to Sombrero Light, and may be associated with the lack of a developed forereef structure in this area. 4. Back Reef (CB) Shallow (<2m) platform landward of spur and groove features on bank reefs, typically rubble zone colonized with numerous soft corals and pioneering staghorn, fire coral and other hard corals. Corals here are widely spaced individuals on a rubble platform. 5. Reef Rubble (CR) Zone landward of bank reefs and other high energy reef tract areas where unstable rubble exists with little or no visible colonization. In relatively shallow water (1 - 6m) often in association with Thallassia or Syringodium. Signature on the aerial photos are distinctive from other coral/hardbottom communities. May form transverse features perpendicular to line of reef tract.

USER NOTES:

The data appear logically consistent.

A review of digital data to ensure line and attribute completeness was part of the QC process (see process step).

GeoPlan relied on the integrity of the attribute information within the original data.

This data set was created by ecologists and FWC-FWRI staff. This multi agency project involved FWC-FWRI, NOAA, and Dade County. Each of the three regions had their data digitized in different manners. FKNMS used NOAA photogrammetrist and stereo analytical plotters. These plotter data were then converted into ARC-INFO. Biscayne Bay aerial photos were digitized by Greenhorne and O'Mara using stereo analytical plotters. Florida Bay data was digitized by NOAA-CSC in Charleston, SC by scanning the photos and the linework overlays. The classification system was the same for all three regions. A hard copy atlas and CD-ROM titled "Florida Marine Research Institute Technical Reports-Benthic Habitats of the Florida Keys", were created by the FWC-FWRI and NOAA. These data were edited in summer 2001 to correct attribute errors. The Florida Bay data was added to the layer at that time as well. Prior to July 1, 2004, the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) was known as the Florida Marine Research Institute (FMRI). The institute name has not been changed in historical data sets or references to work completed by the Florida Marine Research Institute. The institute name has been changed in references to ongoing research, new research, and contact information. This layer is the old coverage "fknms_ben_92" combined with the Florida Bay extent.

This dataset was created from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institutes South Florida Benthic Habitat data. The original dataset was created for the quantification of the status and recent change in the spatial distribution of seagrass which is central to understanding the distribution and extent of declines and to guide research and management efforts.

Positional Accuracy Standards - Aerial photographs used to generate the digital data for the maps in this atlas were taken between December 1991 and April of 1992. Thus, the atlas represents the distribution of benthic habitats in the Keys over this time period. The horizontal accuracy of well defined points (clearly identifiable, immobile objects such as the tops of radio towers or the corners of wharves) is within 2 m. The horizontal accuracy of continuous data (e.g., benthic habitats) ranges from 5 to 10 m, depending on the habitat class. Certain benthic features, such as patch reefs and spur-and-groove reefs, have a horizontal accuracy of 5 m. These habitats are composed of massive rock and coral formations that are stable in position over time and are resistant to all but the most powerful physical forces. Coral reefs, once established, tend to remain for decades or centuries. (Also see process step).

This data is provided 'as is' and its vertical positional accuracy has not been verified by GeoPlan

THE DATA INCLUDED IN FGDL ARE 'AS IS' AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS LEGALLY BINDING. THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GEOPLAN CENTER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING, CONTRIBUTING OR DISTRIBUTING THE MATERIALS. A note about data scale: Scale is an important factor in data usage. Certain scale datasets are not suitable for some project, analysis, or modeling purposes. Please be sure you are using the best available data. 1:24000 scale datasets are recommended for projects that are at the county level. 1:24000 data should NOT be used for high accuracy base mapping such as property parcel boundaries. 1:100000 scale datasets are recommended for projects that are at the multi-county or regional level. 1:125000 scale datasets are recommended for projects that are at the regional or state level or larger. Vector datasets with no defined scale or accuracy should be considered suspect. Make sure you are familiar with your data before using it for projects or analysis. Every effort has been made to supply the user with data documentation. For additional information, see the References section and the Data Source Contact section of this documentation. For more information regarding scale and accuracy, see our webpage at: http://geoplan.ufl.edu/education.html

REFERENCES:

National Ocean Service, National Geodetic Survey, Greenhorne and O'Mara. 1991-1992 and 1995 Metric Aerial Photographs Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute: http://ocean.floridamarine.org

DATA LINEAGE SUMMARY:

Winter 1991/92, NOAA's Coastal Services Center's Coastal Change and Analysis Program (C-CAP) and the state of Florida commissioned the National Ocean Service's Photogrammetry Unit, the National Geodetic Survey, to acquire conventional color metric aerial photography of Florida Bay suitable for interpretation of photic benthic habitats (scale 1:48,000). Additional photography was acquired by NGS in 1995 to cover areas missed. The imagery was collected according to stringent parameters detailed in the C-CAP protocol. The resulting image file was rectified using Erdas Imagine Software. The interpreted polygon habitats were digitized into ARC coverage from the rectified files using Erdas Imagine software's vector module. In 1999, the final edits and quality control of the habitat polygons were completed. The coverage and shoreline were edge matched to the benthic habitats of the Florida Keys atlas to complete the coverage, as the dates of photography, methodology and classification system used were the same. *********************************************************************************** Data generated by FWRI and NOAA staff, along with ecologists contracted by NOAA and FWRI. The aerial photographs used in producing the maps were taken and digitally compiled by NOAA's NGS staff. Contracted ecologists and FWRI staff developed the classification scheme. FKNMS staff provided support for the photo interpretation, delineation, and ground-truthing activities and for reviewing the benthic classifications. NGS staff digitally compiled the photographic information. Staff from Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) division of ORCA converted the NGS digital files into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and then performed QA/QC on those files. Staff from both FWRI and NOAA's Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment (ORCA), which is now part of the National Ocean Service, designed and produced the atlas. Aerial Photography Natural-color aerial photographs of the Florida Keys region were taken by NOAA's Remote Sensing Division during flights made from December 1991 through April 1992. A Wild RC-30 camera mounted in a Cessna Citation II Fanjet aircraft was used. The source photography had a nominal photo scale of 1:48,000 (1 cm = 480 m). Each photograph covered an area of approximately 160 km2. An 80% endlap and 60% sidelap of adjacent photographs ensured that coverage would be complete and that an adequate number of reference locations would be present for photogrammetric measurements. Approximately 450 photos provided monoscopic coverage and were used to delineate benthic habitats. Establishing a Habitat-Classification Scheme Two recognized ecologists, both with local knowledge of the Florida Keys and extensive expertise in marine habitats, along with FWRI staff, developed the hierarchical classification scheme used in this atlas. The habitat-classification scheme is composed of 24 classes of benthic communities in 4 major habitat categories: corals, sea grasses, hard bottom, and bare substrate. Dredge zones, banks, and restoration areas located within these communities are also denoted. Photo interpretation Photos were interpreted by the two ecologists and FWRI staff. They determined and then delineated the types of benthic habitats found in the aerial photos. The minimum habitat area delineated was 0.5 ha. However, patch reefs (herein considered part of the coral reef benthic habitat) of less than 0.5 ha were delineated as points. Ground-truthing was conducted to verify that benthic habitats were properly identified on the aerial photographs. Researchers were able to ground truth most benthic communities while snorkeling; scuba gear enabled them to ground truth for those communities located in deeper or turbid waters. Field information about the benthic habitat and site GPS locations was recorded. The ecologists and FWRI staff reviewed photos for content and accuracy and then sent them to NOAA for digital compilation. Digital Compilation of Aerial Photographs NGS cartographers inspected each photograph for completeness of delineations, photo discrepancies, and areas of turbidity. Cartographers used a stereographic analytical plotter with NOAA's in-house software to digitize and label the benthic communities and shoreline features seen on the aerial photos. In many cases, the cartographers were able to provide additional detail because of the three-dimensional views permitted by the analytical plotter. The compiled data were checked by NGS staff. Quality Control - Data were reviewed in three phases: 1) a review of digital data to ensure line and attribute completeness, 2) a comparison between the 1:48,000-scale maps of the compiled data and the original source photos, and 3) a comparison between the 1:24,000-scale maps of the compiled data and the original delineated photos to determine the positional accuracy of polygonal shapes and attributes. Positional Accuracy Standards - Aerial photographs used to generate the digital data for the maps in this atlas were taken between December 1991 and April of 1992. Thus, the atlas represents the distribution of benthic habitats in the Keys over this time period. The horizontal accuracy of well defined points (clearly identifiable, immobile objects such as the tops of radio towers or the corners of wharves) is within 2 m. The horizontal accuracy of continuous data (e.g., benthic habitats) ranges from 5 to 10 m, depending on the habitat class. Certain benthic features, such as patch reefs and spur and-groove reefs, have a horizontal accuracy of 5 m. These habitats are composed of massive rock and coral formations that are stable in position over time and are resistant to all but the most powerful physical forces. Coral reefs, once established, tend to remain for decades or centuries. Other habitats-such as sea grass beds, hard bottom communities, and bare substrate-are less stable. These benthic features are positionally accurate to within 10 m. Physical factors such as water currents and hurricanes and biological factors such as seasonal growth and die-off affect the distribution and stability of these benthic habitats along the ocean's floor. Plant densities within sea grass communities may increase or decrease over a period of months or years. Hard bottom habitats may become covered by sediment and then by sea grasses. GIS Data Layers To ensure that the digital data sets in this atlas were accurate in position and attribution, SEA staff used a series of data-translation and topology construction steps while incorporating the data into a GIS, a sophisticated computer mapping and analysis software. All the individual GIS digital data sets were then combined to form several regional mosaics. Each region's data set was sent to FWRI for final quality control and assembly. FWRI inspected these data sets to ensure that no errors remained. The regional data sets were then joined together to make an FKNMS-wide, benthic-habitat data set. The resulting data set was inspected one last time, with particular scrutiny paid to the regions of overlap, where errors would most likely occur. The delineated aerial photos were referred to at every step of this process. Summer 2001 Florida Bay area was added using similar methodology in 2001 Process Date: 1991-2001 This data set is a subset of FGDL layer sfl_ben_92 (South Florida Benthics). GeoPlan received the sfl_ben_92 data from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute on CD-ROM on June 6, 2006. When received, data was in shapefile format and in the following projection: Albers, NAD 83, GRS 80. The shapefile was projected to FGDL Albers HARN. Coralp was created by selecting for "PATCH REEF" on the DESCRIPT field of the sfl_ben_92 layer. Process Date: 20060606 Dataset copied. Process Date: Metadata imported. Process Date:

MAP PROJECTION PARAMETERS:

Projection                          ALBERS
Datum                               HPGN
Units                               METERS
Spheroid                            GRS1980
1st Standard Parallel               24  0  0.000
2nd Standard Parallel               31 30  0.000
Central Meridian                   -84 00  0.000
Latitude of Projection's Origin     24  0  0.000
False Easting (meters)              400000.00000
False Northing (meters)             0.00000

DATA SOURCE CONTACT (S):

Name:
Abbr. Name:
Address:


Phone:

Web site:
E-mail:
Contact Person:
         Phone:
        E-mail:

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
FWRI
100 Eighth Avenue Southeast
St. Petersburg, Florida
33701
727-896-8626


http://ocean.floridamarine.org/mrgis/viewer.htm
GISLibrarian@MyFWC.com
GISLibrarian

Name:                   FLORIDA GEOGRAPHIC DATA LIBRARY
Abbr. Name:             FGDL
Address:                Florida Geographic Data Library
                        431 Architecture Building
                        PO Box 115706
                        Gainesville, FL  32611-5706
Web site:               http://www.fgdl.org

Contact FGDL: 

      Technical Support:	        http://www.fgdl.org/fgdlfeed.html
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